Vehicle suspension.



Paented Dec. 3l, 11918.

9 SHEETS-SHEET l.

S. L. C. COLEMAN.

VEHICLE SUSPENSION.

APPLxcATloN F|LED sEPT.13.1916.

luuntvd Dec. 3l, 1918.

9 SHEES-SHEET 2.

,23 301 y 2f @IE5 S. L. C. COLEMAN.

VEHICLE SUSPENSION. APPLlcATmN .FILED sEPT.x3.1916.

Pa'ented Deu. 31, 1918.

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WANN .l

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' S. Lx C. CQLEIVIANL VEHICLE SUSPENSION.

APPLICATION FILED sPT.13,|916.

Patented Dc. 31,1918.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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aeuta Dec. 3i., 3.918.

9 SHJEETS-SHEE 7.

S. L. C. COLEMAN.

VEHICLE susPENslcN.y APPLICATION'FILEDSEPT.13, [916.

S. L, C. COLEMAN. VEHICLE SUSPENSION.

v l APPLICATION FILUISEPT. I3. I9Ie,. p'gln f Patented De@i 3L m8.

S. L. C. COLEMAN. 'VEHICLE SUSPENSION.

t APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 13, 7.916. 1 l n lgge laented Dec. L i918.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

J 'n ou STEPHEN L. CEAUNCEY COLEMAN, UF FBEDERXCTON, NEV BRUNSWCK, CANADA, ASSKGNOR 0F FORTY-NINE QNE-HUNDREDTHS T0 CHARLES W. WHELPLEY, OF FREDEISLECTON, NEVI' BRUNSWICK, GMLNADA.

VEHICLE SUSPENSXON.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3l., 11%8.

Application led September 1,3, 1916. Serial No. 119,934.

T o all whom, 'it may'cmwern:

Be it known that l, STEPHEN L. CHAUN- CEY COLEMAN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Fredericton, in the Province of New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vehicle Suspensions, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

The present invention relates tosnnprovements in spring suspensions for vehicles particularly motor vehicles,

The object ot the invention is to provide an improved spring suspension ot simple, relatively light, construction that will etlectually absorb the various forms of s rocks encountered in operating a motor vehicle, and that will nevent excessive vibration, and lateral rolling of the vehicle body7 whereby the liability Voli injury to the vehicle is greatlyv reduced and increased comfort and safety in riding and operating the vehicle is assured.

An important novel characteristic ci" the invention resides in the special means provided for cushioning longitudinal shocks, the extreme flexible nature ot the suspension thus afforded making it possible to empl@T relatively7 light constructions and permitting of the use oi solid tires while at the same time providing for the desired easy riding in the vehicle body when traveling over rough roads.

-Another important novel Jfeature of the invention lies in the provision of means for cushioning the strains and shoclrs received through the driving shaft due to accelerations and retardations of the vehicle.

A 'further object of the invention is to provide an improved suspension of simple construction capable of eiectnally absorbing and cushioning small or light shocks as well as more Severe or heavy shocks without the use of under load or coil springs, or oi' over load springs or bumpers.

Another object oi" the invention is to provide an improved spring suspension in which provision is made for the distribution ot' one wheel shocks, and the stress of unevenly distributed loads to all ol: the load springs, the vseveral load springs working together t0 cushion and absorb the shock whether the same is received through one wheel or both ends of the axle, the construction providing for the automatic adjustment and coaction of the springs with each other to afford equilibrium of support for the body under conditions of unbalanced or unequal distribution of load to the body, whereby lateral rolling of the body is prevented and the use of relatively light springsl permitted.

Another important novel feature of the invention resides in the special shackle construction that acilitates the desired horizontal cushioning movements of the axles.

The. invention consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts, which will be exempliiied in the constructions hereinafter described, and illustrated in the accoxnianying drawings, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the appended claims.

ln the drawings- Figure i is a top plan view of a portion of a vehicle equipped with a spring suspension constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 a side elevation,

Fig. 3 is an end elevation,

Fig. 4f is a detail plan view, on an enlarged scale, of one of the springs,

Fig. is a side elevation of the construc tion shown in Fig.

Fig. (i is-a detail plan of slightly,T modified spring constructimi,

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the spring construction shown in Fig. 6,

8 is a detail central. transverse section otono of the shackles for the springs,

Fig. is a detail view oi the shackle, parts being shown in section and side elevation,

Fig. l() is a detail section of the shackle,

ll is a longitudinal section on the line l-ll of Fig. l.,

Fig. 12'is a vertical section on the line l2-l2 of Eig.

Figs. 13 and l4lare detail views on an enlarged scale, of the piston and valve structure forming part of the mechanism shown in Figs. 11 and 1.2,

Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a part of the structure shown in Fig. 1l,

Figs. l5, 1S and 17 are detail views of one of the vibration check devices,.

- the upper arms Fig. 18 is a side elevation of the 'tor 'ard cushioning device and itsl radius rod connection7 Fig. 19 is a detail sectional viewaon an enlarged scale., ot' the forward section Aof the transmission shaft. the transmission shaft housing and associated parts oi the cushioning' device,

Figs. 20 and 21 are .detail views, on au enlarged scale, of the eorn'lection between of the vibration check vdevices and the frame,

Figs. 22 and 251 are detail views ot' the connection between the lower pair of arms of the vibration check device and one or the axles,

Fig. 24 is atop plan view ot a modified form of frame and equalizer bar construction,

Fig. is a sideclevation of the construetion shown in Figxdr. l

Fig. 26 is an end elevation oit' the modilieol construction illustrated in Figs. 21 and 25.

Fig. 2T is a detail cross section of the con strurtioi'i illustrated in lig. :213,

Fig. 28 is a transverse section taken on the line Z- 28 ol Fig. 21 looking in the direction of the arrow,

Fig. 2!) is a transverse section taken on the line ,2U- 29 ot Fig. 24 looking inthe direction of the arrow 3() is a side elevation of another modification of equalizer bar and spring construction, only the forward end ot the frame being shown.

Fig. 31 is a top plan view ot the construcution sho vn in Fig. 3l),

Fig. 32 is a sidoelevation of another vmembers i', 8 and 5). 11

modification ol the tra-me7 equalizer bar and spring eonstructimi, Fig-53 is a top plan view ot' the tion shown in Fig. 232,

Figs, 31 and 35 are detail views ot' the equalizer bar employed in the construction illustrated in Figs. $52 and z.

Referring to a detail description oi the drawings wherein like reference eharactm's designate correspoiuling parts througlmut the several views. 1 designates the l'ront axle.. 2 the rear axle housing. 5i the differential housing, flthe wheels, and 3 and t3 the sido and end bars ot the trame or chassis. the :side bars 5 being shown provided with truss designates the lower part ot the H v whee and transmission case. the same being suitably secured to the trame or chassis.

The frame or chassis short shafts or pivots 12 horizontall) trom the end bars Vlivotally connected with the chassis are front and rear transverse equalizing members or bars 14, and 15. said bars being provided with bearings 1G and 17 engaging the short shafts con strucis provided with and 13 projecting meegaat;

or pivots 12 and 151. At each end ot the trame or chassis and at opposite sides thereo'll is arranged a spring consisting ot a pair ot leal springs 1S and 19 that have their bult ends clamped together and pivotally connected to the side barsI 5 of the trame, and the. outer thin ends or tips pivotally connected respectivehY to the outer portion ot one ot' the cqualizing bars and one oli' the axles. lxe'terring particularly to Figs. 4 and .5 ot the drawings. the butt ends ot the leaf springs 1S and 19 are secured together b v top and bottom plates 20, Q1, an intermediate plate and bolts Q3, 24, 25, and 26. The bolts i253 and 24 pass through openings in the several plates and lie/in close contact with the sides ot the leaf springs. Bolt 25 `extends through openings in the plates and openings in all ot' the leaves otl the upper spring member 18, and lies in close contact with one side of the lower spring member 1f). Bolt 3G passes through openings in the plates and openings in all ot' thc leaves of the' lower member 1f) ot the spring, and lies in close contact with one side of the leaves of the upper member. this construction providing a verv secure clamping of the parts which rn'events the butts of the two members ot' the spring from changing their relative position. The iiitt i11ie li;1t plate E22 extends out bevond the butt ends ol the springs and is bent to form an e've :27" to engage a pivot bolt 27 carried by bracket 28 that is secured to the side bar 5 ot' the Jframe. The plate at its other end is bent back upon itsellE to provide a checking block or filler between the spring n'iembers. The lower men'iber 19 ot' the spring is reinforced and strengthened bv a short plate 20 secured at one end to the spring member by' bolts 30 and having an c ve 30 al its Yliront end engaging a connecting bolt ot a clamp 31. rThe outery end ot the plate is bent to provide a shackle bolt engagingv eve 533. The end ot the platev is given a lateral bend so that the shackle engaging eve extends at right angles to the side bars ot the trame7 and the plate is also Igiven a vertical bend to furnish clearance for the spring when in longitudinal motion. 1n Figs. G and 7 is illustrated a slightly modified l'orm of spring. in this instance a reinforcing ishaped clamp is provided for the spring member 11i.

'the upper men'il'iers 1S ot' the springs eX- tend parallel to the side. bars 5 oi the trame while the lower members 19 are disposed at an Aangle. to the side bars ot' the frame. the two members oi the springs diverging in two directions. The pivotal connection ot the butt ends olf the springs to the trame permits the sin-ings to act in series with each other, each member ot the spring detlecting partfoic the total detieetion ot' the spring. Under heavyv deflection the two n'ien'lhers of the spring will come together vlor a disl. ble part cit each spring member, increasing the strength of' the spring and avoidingv danger of breakage. lt will be observed that this particular construction provides for cushioning and absorbing relatively small or light sho/lis vvell extremely heavy or severe shocks, without the use of auxiliary under load or coil sjrings and of over load springs or bumpers. The upper member 18 ot the spring has considerable :amber While the lower member i9 is only cambered to a relatively slight'eztcnt, and one spring meinis longer than the other which causes the periods of oscillation of the respective spring members to be diterent7 the springs acting to damp out the vibrations of each other. The weight carrying pivots 12-l3, are preferably placed as far above the spring,` pivot in the vertical plane as practical to insure the 'frame stability against rolling.

The special diver-ging arrangement ot the spring members adds greatly to their resistance to torsional strain and in this wa aids materially 'in preventing rolling` oil the body oi" the vehicle. The relatively broad construction of the lower spring members having only relatively slight camber, said spring members being' substantially flat under normal load. also contributes to produce this result.. 'The outer ends of the upper spring members 18 are engaged with bolts 34 of' double looped shackles 35 of Well known construction.

lt ll be noted that in the construction descriled practically the entire Weight of the vehicle body is borne b v the short shafts or pivots l2 and 13 and that vthese are located at 'the extreme ends o' the trame so that all ol' the alvantaes of a long wheel base are obtained. y

The equaliningf members or bars la and l5 serve .to distribute shoclfs received through one Wheel, and the stess of unevenly distributed loads to all of the springs. The actie t the emvh 1;; bars ifi and 15 is as ldlhen one end of one o the axles is the lov-7er spring member of the n o follows:

Spa bends a certain amount, and being tree to turn rises and passes some of the extra on to the upper spring member, which in turn absorbs a part ot' the shock and` passes the balance of the stress to the spring at the opposite oi 'fi-anni, the equalizingg bar raising at one side and lowering at the other side and increasing the tension in the upper spring; member at the other side of the trame which in turn acts on the lower spring member. As is api arent the equalizing members or bars act in a similar way when nio' Weight is placed on one side of the vehicle body than on the other, the eqnalizingg' bars serving' to distribute the Weight throughout the several springs to f connected thereto is put under stress, l

provide an even support Yfor the vehicle body. As will be understood this construction serves to prevent lateral rolling,- olf the body, at the same time facilitating the use of relatively light springs.

ren important novel :feature of tl e invention resides in the special shackle construction provided i"o1"connectinf the lovver mein: bers l?? et the springs to the axles that provides for the desired long longitudinal movement of the spring' in the longitudinal cushioning movements oi' the axles with a relatively short shackle, allowing the spring` to be hung close to the axle7 and providing ior cushioning the axle against lateral shocks received through the wheels. This construction, reference being had particularly to Figs. 8, 9 and l0 ot the drawings, comprises a bearing member consisting' of tivo sections 3G and 37 provided with openings 38 to tit about the axle and fixedly secured together and to the axle b v a transverse fastening member 39. The bearing is provided in its outer face centrally thereof with a relatively broad annular groove 4-1 and at each end with annular grooves and l-l. lviounted on the bearing within the central groove il is a band or sleeve consisting of two semi-circular sections i3 and Lil', the sections being provided at. their upper ends with extensions and 4G connected together by bolts 47, and with extensions 48 and 4i) at their lower ends connected by transverse bolts 49. 50 designates the shackle loop ,he upper bar 50 ot' whiclris interposed between and rigidly secured to the lower extensions e8 and al), the bolt 49 passing through openings 53 in 'the extensions and opening -/l in the said bar 50. The sleeve sections 3f-44 are of a width less than the distance betvveen the side ivalls oi the central groove 41, to provide for a limited movement of the bearing sleeve laterally on the bearing. lnterposed betivee i opposite sides of the sleeve and the side Walls ot the central groove are spring washers 5l. ln order to protect the bearing` and prevent the entrance oi' dirt thereto l provide a casing consisting of semi circular sections 56 adapted to fit over opposite sides oi the bearing;v and sleeve, said sections being provided with upper extensions 57-58, and

loivcr extensions 59H60, the ears being pro-v vided with openings for the passage of ti e securing bolts 47 and 49, the easing' being secured in place by said bolts. Gl' designates filler blocks o't' wood or other suitable n'iaterial suitably secured in the spaces within the casing at the ends of the upper eXtensions 57, 58, and G2 designates f'ashers of felt or similar..material placed in the end ,grooves 4Q, 43. For the purpose of lubricating' the bearing, an oil passage 62 is provided in the abutting faces of the upper ears, and 63 is a grease cup supported on the upvices.

' ing from the per ends of the ears and comn'uinicating with said passage. As will be understood the shackle sleeve 1s adapted to rotate on its bearing and to also have a limited lateral movement thereon, -In addition to pi'oviding for the necessary lon-gl longitudinal movement ot the springs in the longitudinal cushioning movement ot' the axles, the

shackle construction also provides, through the spring washers 5l at the sides ot' the sleeve, for cushioning' the axles against latei'al shocks received through the wheels.

Located at each end ot' the frame centrally of the sides thereoi are vibration check de- These are of the same construction as that fully set forth and described in a separate application, tiled by me September 13, 1910, Serial No. 119,937. Referring particularly to Figs. 15, 10 and 17 of the drawings, these vibration check devices each comprise a casing or cylinder of metal consisting ot a cylindrical wall or portion 70, an integral end vall or head 71 .1nd a removable cover plate or head 72. The casing or cylinder is divided into chambers 73 and 74 by a vertical transverse partition 75. Arranged centrally oi the casing tor rotation is a shaft 70. rlhe shat't extends through a stalling box 77 on the cover plate 72, through an opening 78 in the partition 75 and has its inner end supported in a bear-- ing 79 on the end wall 71. Secured to the shaft '76 are diametrically oppositely disposed pistons 80 slidably iitting the walls ot the chamber 73 and adapted to oscillate within the chamber. S1 designates diametrically oppositely disposed partitions dividing the chamber 73 longitudinally and constituting radial ahutments. Each partition is provided with an opening 82 and with a check valve S3 adapted to permit the passage of liquid through the opening from one side oi the partition and to prevent the passage ot' liquid through the openopposite side of the partition. Any suitable form ot' check valve may be employed ior this purpose. The construction shown consists of a plate S1 having a pivotal connection 85 at one edge with the partition at one side thereof, the plate being adapted to lie ila-t against one side 'lace ot' thepartition to close the iassao'e andl to be opened and closed by the pressure ot the liquid. The partitions 81 are shown as separate plates supported in position by engaging grooves S0 in the walls 70 and 71 oi the casing -and in the transverse partition 75, the inner ends of the partition plates 81 slidably fitting against the shaft 79. The partition 75 is also 'formed as a separate plate fitting against the annular shoulder S7 on the cylindrical Wall 70 and a. shoulder 8S on the shaft 70. The several parts are securely held in place in the casing by the removable cover plate The cover plate has an inwardly extending annular iiange or collar 88 provided with a threaded outer t'ace engaging an intcriorly threaded portion S9 of the cylindrical wall 70, the inner end ot' the flange or collar 88 being screwed up against a gasket 90 interposed therebetween and an annular shoulder S8 on the cylindrical wall 70.

The vertical transverse partition 75 is provided with relatively large openings 92, one of such openings being located adja-v cent the inlet side of each of the partitions 81, and said partition 75 is also provided with series yof smaller openings 93. The openings 92 are shown in the drawing as segmental shaped, and the openings 93 as circular and disposed in radial rows at intervals about the partition between the openings and the abutments 81.

Rigidly seemed to the casing or cylinder are a pair of levers 94 and 94, which are disposed opposite to each other at opposite sides of the casing. The end wall 71 of the casing is provided with a projection or boss 95, and the cover plate has a projection or boss 90, and the levers at one end have sockets or openings 95-96 to tit over the bosses. The boss 95 is cylindrical while the boss 9G has angularly disposed faces, the respective sockets or openings 95, 96 being correspondingly shaped. The levers are clamped to the sides of the drinn by a bolt 97 passing' through apertures 98 in the levers and thrmigh an opening 99 in an integral extension or boss 100`o1 the cylindrical part ot' the easing. The portions of thelevers extending outwardly from the drum converge and the levers are connected at their outer ends by a hollow rivet 101 engaging apertures in the levers. 103 designates a short lever provided at one end with al socket opening 104 to it over the angular faced nut 105 that iorms a part ot the stutting box 77. The forward end of the lever 103 is provided with an aperture-106 to engage the bolt 97. The levers 103 and 94 constitute adjusting and locking means for the. nut 105 and the screw cover plate 72. As will be understood, in assembling the parts, these levers are engaged respectively with the boss 9G and nut 105 and may be used as wrenches to adjust these parts, after which the levers are positioned to bring their bolt apertures in alinement with the bolt opening 99 of the bossr100, and secured by the bolt97, the short lever lying against the lever 94. 10G designates a cotter pin or the like engagingan aperture in the end of the bolt 97. 107 is a lever rigidly secured at one' end to the outer end of shaft 70, the end of the shaft projecting outwardly a slight distancebeyond the cover plate 72 and being provided with a shoulder72". The lever 107 has a socket or opening 108 at one end thereof to fit over ffl tion.

'ieeaeee the end of the shaft. The lever 107 is held in place on the end of the shaft against the shoulder T2 by a suitable lock nut 73 engagging a threaded portion 74e ot the shaft. At the other end of the cylinder' arranged opposite to the lever 107 a lever il() having,` a socket or opening' lli at one end to loosely engage the boss The `portions of the levers 107 and lill that extend ontwardly 'from the drinn converge and are connected at their outer ends by a hollow rivet i12, the latter engaging` apertures 1123 in the enes of the levers. i09" 110 designate washers interposed between the ends of the respective pairs ot levers, Washer 109 is interposed between the adjacent ends ot' levers il() and 9i". 11i designates a nut engaging a. threaded portion llf on the boss 95 t niai1itain the socket portions or" the levers Si-i-i(l in position on the boss, and 110 is a Washer between the not lil and the socket iliortion of the lever lil The outer ends of the levers 9/ Se! of each checl-:ing device are 'pivoially Secured to tlie outer end of one of 'the short shafts or pivots 12 and i3, and the outer ends of the levers if?? and il@ are pivotally connected to one of the axles. ln 'the drawings. reference being had particularly to Figs. ZO, 21, 22 and 23, the levers fl-l-lll are shown connected to a bracket lli-3 on the eliassis, and the levers 107 and 110? with a bracket 114 on one of the vehicle axles, theliollow rivets .lOl and 112 of the pairs ot' levers loosely engaging bolts H5 and ilo, which latter engage openings in the spaced ears 1172-1182 ol the respectivo brackets. v

The casingy or cylinder is filled with liquid. preferably oil, through an opening H4 in the cylindrical part 70, the opening being closed b v a screw plug 115.

The operation oi' the vibration check de vices is as follows:

When the axle receives a sho-ck that coniprises the vehicle springs, the pair olf levers Slet, 94 and the pair of levers l0? aiu approach each other, and the shaft il is caused to move in an anti-elocliwise direcis the pistons inove forwardly the liquid is forced ahead oi them, check valves 83 oper. under the pressure of the liquid, and permit the liquid to pass` through the openings in the radial abutment Walls or A artitions 8i. Any surplus liquid that Qanl" pass tbronvh the openings 82 not readih, flows through the relato ely large openings 92 in the partition plate and back behind the pistons throuvli the smaller oi'ieninn's .l-r 9S, no resistance being oliered to the coin pression stroke of the spring gear. @n return or rebound stroke ot the springs, the sliai't i'il rotates clockwise and vthe as ing; or cylinder nieves in the opposite c'. tion., ani the pistons order to adva ici 4under pressure oi' the retin-ding lai inust force the oil through the smaller openings 93 in the partition plate Ylibe openings 93 provide a passage through 'the partition i5 tor the liquid in iront et the pistons, which gradually decreases in site as the pistons approa yh the Closed sides of the radial abutment walls or partitions Si.. t first the resistance to the inoevnient ot the pistons is small owing" to the number of openings 93. is the pistons progress the ninnber of openings 933 of the. partition plate become less ahead ot the pistons and oonseqnently the resistance is gradually increased until the pistons are brought to rest.

lt will be noted 'that this construction affords a wide range oi danipening or retardation oi' gradually inereasing intensity. By changing; 'the location, number and size 0"'2 he openings 93 in the partition plate 75.', the Ytinfie and the amount of retardation can be graduated to any desired degriffe. The pro-vision of the double piston and abutment arrangement provides a balanced construction in which the strains are distributed and lessens the liability of breakage ander exceptionally heavy shocks. lrieans is provided by which the resistance or retarding action oi the cheek can be readily adjusted to suit various reduirements in the use or' springs ot different tension and vehicle bodies et dillerent weights. The means for this purpose is a shutter or valve movable over one side face ofthe partition to close more or less of the openings 93 and vary the size oi the passage. through the partition. The valve or shutter is shown as consisting of two segmental shaped plates lio connected to a ring' il that is mounted for rotation on the shaft '76 in the chamber 7% adjacent the partition 75. rThe valve or s nitter is held in position against the outer 'face the partition 75 by a retaining' ring or collar. The collar has an annular outer 4portion 117 and an inner annular oliset portion 118. The outer portion 117 of the collar tits loetween they partition i5 and the gasket 90, and the offset portion lill overlaps the outer marginal portions of the segnientai shaped plates oi the valve. il@ designates an adjusting` rod or shaft vvliieli extends throagrh a stoliing` bev in the easing and is mounted for rotation in a bearing E19. 0n the outer end of the rod a handle part lQO. The rod at its inner end has threaded por tion in engagement with bloeit FUEL which has a pivotal link coi'ineetiiin 122 with one oi1 the segmental plates ilo' of the shutterv lit will be observed that tbe glands at the stuiiino; box 77 and round rod H3, and the joint between the flange or lar S8 of the cover plate ,72 with 'the cy' ical part '7.0 ot the casing, are located e of the piston and abntinent chamber 75 nd are never liquid so llo that liability of leakage throue'h the cover joint and stuffing' box is reduced to a minimum. 1t will also 'be remarked that the construction is of a very simple` compact and durable natui'e and that the parts can be conveniently assembled and removed.

Separate means is i'novided to .support the axle for eusliioniiiggmovement longitudinally of the fraine,'said means coinpris' and at their inner ends to sectioirl26 of the transmission shaft housing', the inner ends of the rods beineV secured at oppositesides of the section between ears 12S extending' later-` ally from the section. 'lhe shaftsection 123 has an enlarged portion 13() provided with a rectangular hore 1211 extending' longitudinally thereof from one end. The shaft scctiou 121 has a reduced squared portion 132 at its forward end to work in the boro 131 oie the section 123. 132-1 designates a roller hearing' consistingr of a rectangular shape retaining' frame or cage 131 in which are mounted rollers 1115 arranged in sets at the side faces of the frame 131 to project beyond the cao'e at the inner'and outer sides thereof.4 The roller bearing slidably engages the bore 131 and the reduced shaft portion 132 slides in the rollei' hearing', provision beine' thus iliade for a smooth and easy working of these parts. 1n order to provide for maintaining' of the roller bearingr 1212-1 in proper working` relation with the relatively movable shaft sections l21--1 21, provide a gear connen-tion comprising' rack hars 13G and 1517 secured respectively to the shaft section 121 and to the shaft section 123, and a pinion 138 i'nounted on the outei' end of a rod 13S' secured to the frame 131 and meshing with both of the rack hars 13G and 137. 139 designates the univei'sal Iioint of the transmission shaft. from one side ot' which extends a Ishort shaft section provided at one end with a socket 11-1. The. shaft section 123 has a reduced portion 142, the forward end of which its within the socket 111. and

'the pai'ts ai'e made fast by a transverse connecting niember 1121. lit-l designates a bearing' within the housing' section 125 for the reduced portion 112 of the shaft section 123, and llo is a bearingr on the housing,r section 1213 for the section 121 oi' the shaft. .1 washer plaier 15 ot'J'elt oi'` other suitable material is providedto pre/vent theeseape otl oil `to theopposiite side o'f the. bearingr 115. 0n the slial'hsertion 123 near the rear end theretd' is a bearing to prevent v1- 1215 designates radius rialssecui-'cd transmission 118 i'lesigl'nates a main outeri'net-al cylinder, 70

whichhas openings 119-150-eentrally ofits l end walls 'or heads ll-152, through which extend the telescopio@` sections 126-125 of' the shaft housing'. Tl'iecylinder118 is rigidly secured to theI housing' section 125, screws-or 75I like fastenings 153 connecting` the head or. end 1'51 ot the cylinder toadxed collar or flange 151' on tlie'liousine' section. "-Withiny the cylinder at opposite ends thereof are an-k i pistons Hofland 156,"and .interposeolo pistons is ciisliioiiing nieansfiii the forni of a coil (.'oinin'ession spring 157'. 'The end `or head 152 of the cylindery is re- .movablej said head 'having' an interiorly threaded iianfre 158 engaging' a .threaded 85 niilar between the portion '1.59 ot tlieeyiinifler. 1G() d'esife'n'ates'a` packing between these'pait-S. able. head 152 ladjoiningT its opening; 150 has a tubular extension 161 provided witli'a stuifing box 162. and Islidably fitting: within said 90 extension is a tubular piston rod 163 which is connected with the.v piston 15G. The housing section 1,213 slidably tits within theanniilar piston 156 and its tubular piston rod 163,

the latter beine' provided with a stuffing 95 box '1111 making' a` tiiiid tight joint between these parts. The piston slidably engages the housing' section 125 and has secured thereto a small cylinder 165 having a removable end or head 166 provided 'with a 100 central oiiening' 107 to slidably fit over the housing' section 1.26. 16S designates an annular piston in the lsmall cylinder iixed to the housing section 126 and interposed between said piston 16S and the piston 1.55 is a. 105

eoii compression spring 169.

The piston 155 is provided with air ports 170 and with a cheek ."alve controlling the ports to permit the passage of air therethrough in one direction. Any suitable form 110 of check valve may be employed for this purpose. The particular construction shown, reference heine' had particularly to Figs. 13 and 1-1- of the drawings, comprises an anaiilai' plate 17,0 supported on short rods 171 11'5 slidahly engagine` apertures 172 in the piston. The plate' 170 is secured" to the rods at the outer ends thereof, and thfe'iiii'ier endsI of the rods" are provided with heads 1TB to limit the movement of th'e rods in one direc- 120 tion. The pistons 156 and 1(18 ai'e provided respectively with an' ports 156 and 16S', and thesel pistons are also equipped with elieclLvalfes that are similar in construction 'to the check valve o't' piston 155. 17T-1ro 125 and 1'T.' -'1T designate respectively the valve plates and supporting' rods for the pis-' tons 1511 and (1n the housingr section 1211 is a fixed collar 17T adapted when the housingr section is moved toiiwardly within 130 The reinen/'P' par hh 25 mamma. when ima shci; has mmuxd 21' helen @P/sd h v the :api-mpgs and M39,

E@ mi uw, closed hy "the uh' jressure, ihre pistons being; cwshiohmi. in thcy retzu'n mm'elmnt h v h uit compl'esscd between (ma il 1 K+hereof and ih@ @md5 m 'hc v yhuders. w uw .L

shmii; is received through the hans: i i551 tion 12S hmvhxgg ih@ same l'cmwvzuwily, tha 1.68 mgagcs ihe enf. or head EN@ 55 y; hat ih@ cyhnflmf is l Stom E mme,

i850. tion n.5 said so um im@ i' und E95 3s u opcih il@ i@ hu under Laim;

the cylinder. 203 designates a tributar rod slidably fitting within the tubular piston rod 200, and 201 is a piston rod'seeured at one end to the piston 10T and havingats tor- Ward end slidafbly fittingwithin the interior of the inner end portion ot the tubular rod 203, said tubular rod 203 being provided at its outer end with a fixed Collar 1204/, which is adapted on the movement ot the rod 1n wardl)7 to engage the outer end ot the tubular piston rod and carri!v the rod and its piston 196 Liiiwardly against. the resistance ot' the eoil spring' 108. rthe tubular rod aty its inner end is provided with a head 20.) which upon movemento'tI the rod 202? outs wardlv from its normal position, indicated in the drawings, engages a head 207 tixed near the outer end ot' the piston rod 204 so that the piston 197 will be carried 'forwardly with the rod 203 against the gradually increasing resistance ot' the coiled spring 108. 20? is a bearing tast to rod 204- to help keep 2022 and 204- in alineinent. The pistons 190 and 10T are provided with ports 20S and with eheek valves Q0!) controlling the ports to permit the passage ot air through the same in one direetion. said eheek valves being ot' the saine eonstruetion as that previ o iislv deseribed and illustrated in Figs. 13 and .i1-t ot the drawings. The tront axle is eonneeted to the tubular rod 202i b v radius rods 210`r the radius rods at their rear ends being' ioined together and eonneeted by a universal eoupling" with the outer end ot the, tubular rod 2025. At the outer end ot the tubular rod is a sleeve 2li tixedtv seenred thereto and having' at its under side a spherical soeltet 212 which is engaged by a spherieal head 2liat the rear ends ot the radius rods. 2lidesignates a braeltet secured to the under side ot the engine crank ease to wliieh is setured a short lshait Q15 over whieh slides the torward end ot' the tubular rod, said shat't forming' a support Jr'or thel tubular rod at its outer end.

iiubrieating oil is supplied. to the ovlinder through an opening' 210 therein, said openingbeing` elosed bv a serew plug' 2li. 21.8 designate a {lexible bellows easing' ot' leatherl or other lsuitable material secured at its opposite ends to the tubular rod and the piston rod L00 to prevent the entranee ot dirt between these parts.

.it will be remarked that the partieular means provided tor enshioning niowments ot' the axles longitutlinall)y ot the trame. not ont)r att'ortls' a very simple ani compact eon struetion` but that the partieular applieation ot one ol' the shot-lt absorbing" deviees to the, transmission shat't provides `tor taking up the driviigf strains ot and shot-lcs reeeived through the driving shaft' due te aeelerations and retardations ot the vehiele.

iteterring'tolfigjs. 24,1120. 2T. '1W

and 2) et the drawings,V which illustrate a modified torni ot trame and equalizer bar construetion, 21.0%4220 and 221. designate respectivel)v side, end and truss members ot the vehicle trame. 222 designates transverse bolster members seeured to the upper tace of the chassis in any desired wav. and are, the equalizer bars pivotally connected intermediate their ends to said bolster members. 'ihe holster members 222 are'shown as having conve" upper t'aces 224 and the equalizer bars as ot' bowed formation. rIlhe equalizer bars are preterablj,Y ot' U-s'haped eonstruetion in eross section and conveniently eon- .ttirueted ot' steel channels. Each equalizer bar has spared bearing' extensions or ears loeated eentraltv ot' the bars and depending t'rom the under sides thereo't'. said extensions or ears straddling the bolster member, the equalizer bars being' pivotally eonneeted to the bolster member lrv pivot bolts 226 engaging' a bearing' 220 ot the bolster and passing' through openings in the bearing extensions or ears 225. 22H designates shackles eonneeting the ends ot' the equalizer bars with the upper leatl members 228 'ot thel springs. The lower leaf members 22S) of the springs are eonneeted at their outer ends to the axle 230. and the butt ends otl the springs are pivotally eonneetetl to the truss member 221 o't the t'liassis. a sleeve or eye 231 thaty is secured to the butt ends of the springs engaging a bolt 2232 supported by thetruss members 221. A very strong' and durable eonstruetion is thus provided that is well adapted to resist twisting strains on the pivotal supports ot the ehassis, the pivotal supports being' loeated at a relativel)r high point.

The invention in its broader aspeet. comprehends the loeation and tonneetion ot the equalizer bars to theI eliassis at diti'erent: points along the same. in `the eonstruetion illustrated in Figs. l. 2 and i5 ole the drawings. the equalizer bars are located at the extreme outer ends otthe chassis. whieh is desirable in many instantes.

in the moditied eonstruetion illustrated in Figs. 2t and 25j the rear boister member is located at the extreme rear end portion ot' the traute while the torwartfi bolster member is lorated a short distanee baehy ot" the t'orward end ot the trame., the setting bat-lt ot the. bolster member. in this partieular instant'e. providing t'or the shortening` of the upper member ot the totwvard'springs so that' the usual radiator ean 4be toeated on the trame in advanre ot' the Vt'orward bolster member.

in Figs, 30 and is illustrated-another modified torni ot trame and springeonstruetion. in this instaure the Vt'ront end ot the t'rame ffi is narrowed up to permitI short turning ot the vehiele. rihe eqaalizer bar 253iis ot the same type as that shown in Fig. l ot the drawings but the top spring member 23? is here shown considerably longer than the bottom springV member 237. which gives the two sprii i' members differi ent periods of oscillation, and permits et a greater difference ot' elevation between the weight carrying pivots and spring pivots 236, it being merely a matter ot (on venienceivhether the top or bottom spring member is the longer.

ln Figs. 32. 33, Sel and 35 of the drawings, l have illustrated a modilied form ot equalizer bar and spring construction, the same being particularly adapted for trucks. In this construction the frame or chassis is shown as comprising side bars 238, end bars 239, and truss members 2470 and 2d-l.

242-243 designate cross bearers secured to the side bars of the chassis, on which is mounted the supporting pivot 2LH. 245 designates the equalizer` bar shown in this particular' instance as Substantially straight and or" U-shaped construction in cross section. The equalizer bai' is provided centrally ot its ends with upwardly projecting bearing extensions or ears 2&6. The equalizer bar 2&5 has a bearing sleeve 247 that loosely engages the pivot rod 244, the pivot bolt or rod engaging openings in the transverse bearers 242-243 and passing' through openings in the bearing extensions or ears of the equalizer bar. 248 designates shackles connect-ing the upper lead spring,` members 24:9 with the outer end ol the equalizer bars. 250 indicates the lower spring` members connected at their outer ends with the axle "251. the butt ends of the leaf spring members being' pivotally connected to the'truss member E24-l of the chassis, said butt ends of the leaf springs being' provided with an eye or sleeve 252 that engages a pivot bolt 2533, the latter being secured to the truss members.

llt will be remarked that this construction provided for the mounting` of the springs inside of the frame 'at the rear end thereof whereby great breadth of frame is afforded. The equalizer bars are disposed low down so that the same can be conveniently covered by Flooring, thus permitting` the use oit' long' frames desirable in truck cornstrnctions.

lViiat claim is:

l. ln a vehicle suspension, the combination Vith a frame and axles ot transversely disposed' equalizing members pivotallv connected intermediate their ends with the traine, and leaf springs at opposite sides of the traine at each end thereof. each spring` bein;y connected with one ot the axles and with one of the equalizing members at one side of its pivotal connection.

2. ln a vehicle suspension, a frame having supporting longitudinally extending' pivots at opposite ends thereof projecting beyond the ends of the frame axles for the frame, transversely disposed equalizing bars at opposite ends of the trarne engaging said pivots. and leal` springs at opposite sides ot the jlfraine at cach end tl'iereo'. eacb lent spring being' connected with the trarne, one ot the axles and one ot the eoualising bars at one side of said pivots.

3. ln a vehicle suspension. the coinbination with a traine and axles therefor, or" transversely disposed equalizingr members pivotally connected intermediate their ends with the trame. and springs at opposite sides of the traine at each end thereof` each spring' comprisingr a pair o leaf springs having their butt ends connected together and pivotally connected to the traine. and

their outer ends connected respectively With one of the ailles` and one of the edualirnineA members at one side of its pivotal connection With the trame.

e. lin a vehicle suspension the combination with a frame and axles therefor. of transversely disposed edualizing members pivotally connected intermediate their ends with the frame, and springs at opposite sides of the frame at each end thereof. each spring comprising a pair of ieat' springs having' their butt ends connected together and pivotally connected to the framdand their outer ends connected respectively vvith one of the axles and one or". the edualizing members at one side of its pivotal connec tion with the trarne.v one leaf springr ineinber extendingparallel with the sides of 'the trarne, the other leal' spring member diverginp; utwardly therefrom.

5. ln a vehicle suspension` the combination with a frame and axles therefor. of transversely disposed equalizing members pivotally connected intermediate their'ends with the trarne, and springs at'opposite sides of the trame at each end thereof. each spring comprising a pair oliA leaf springs having their butt ends connected together and pivotally connected to tbe frame., and their outer ends connected respectivelxv with one or" the axles and one ot the equalizing members at one side ot its pivotal connection with the frame, the upper lent spring' member extending` parallel with the sides of the trame, the lower leaf spring' member diverging outwardly therefrom.

6. ln a vehicle suspension, the combination with a trarne and axles therefor, of transversely disposed equalizinp; members pivotally connected intermediate their ends with the frame, and springs at opposite sides or" the frame at each end thereot. each spring; comprising a pair of leal springs haviifig,T their butt ends connected together and pivotally connected to the trame. and their outer ends connected respectivelv with one of the axles and one or" tie equalininsr ineinbers at one side 01"' its pivotal connection Wit-n the frame`r one leaf' spring rnernber extending@ pafallel 'with the sides o the lOO , traine, the otliei leef spring` member having a relatively smell` degree of camber end diverging outwardly therefrom.

7. ln la vehicle suspension, the combination with a frameyand axles therefor, of transversely disposed equalizing members pivotally connected intermediate their ends with the frame, and springs et opposite sides of the frame at each end thereof. each spring comprising a having their butt'ends connected together and 'pivotally connected to the ramemnd their outer ends connected respectively with one of the axles and one ofy'the equalizing members at one side of its pivotal connection-with the frame, one leaf sprint); member extending parallel ywithfthefsid'es ot the frame, the other leefl spring; member having' a relatively smalll degree of cember and diverging outwardly and downwardly therefrom. f

8. l'n a vehicle suspension, the' combinetion with a i'rameiand axles therefor. of transversely pivotallv connected intermediate their ends `With the frame, and springs :it opposite sides of the trame et each end thereof, each spring coinprisinnja pair of leaf springs having their butt'ends connected together end pivetally connected'to the frame, and

' their outer ends connected respectively with U members at one side of .its pivotal one of the axles and one of the equa'lizing' connecl tion with the-freine, the upper leaf spring `and springs at opposite sid s member extending parallel with the sides of the frame, the lower leaf spr-inn 'member having a relatively small degreeof climber end diverging outwardly therefrom. l

9. lin a vehicle suspension, the' combination With a i'reme and axles therefor, of transversely disposed equalizing,l members pivotelly connected intermediate their ends With the frame, and springs at opposite sides ot' the frame at each end thereof. each spring comprising a pair of leaf springs having their butt'l ends connected together and pi-votellyconnected to the trame'. and their outerends connected respective/lyv with 'one of the'axles land one of the equzilizing Ymembersnt one side oi' its pivotal-'connec- '.t1onp'1th the Jtrame, the upper leaf spring member being cambered to a relatively large extent and extending parallel with the sides of the frame, the'lovver leaf spring; being cambered to a relatively small degree and diverging outwardly therefrom.

l0. ln a vehicle suspension, the' combination with a frame and axle, of a transversely disposed equalizing member pivotally con'- nect'ed'intermedinte lits ends with the trame, of the frame.

. -Lench spring comprising ra lair of laterally diverging leaf springs having their butt.

'endswsecured together and connected to the tremila@ and their viopter-ends connected frepair of leere springsA disposed equalizing members4 incomes l2. ln a vehicle suspension, the combination with a frame and axles therefor, of a pair of laterally diverging leaf springs con nected together at their butt ends, and connected at their outer ends respectively with one of the axles and the frame, the lower leal spring member being cambered to only a small degree. f

i3. ln a vehicle suspension, the c0rnbination With a frame and axles therefor, of a pair of laterally diverging leaf springs connected together at their butt ends, and connected at their outer ends respectively with one ont' the axles and the frame, one of the leaf spring members extending parallel with the sides of the frame and the other leat spring member diverging outwardly therefrom. c

lei. ln a vehicle suspension, the combination with a frame and axles therefor, of a pair of laterally diverg'ing leaf springs con- 95 nected together at their .butt ends, the outer ends of the leef spring' members being connected respectively to one of the exles and^ I' the frame, one of `the leaf springs being;

cambered to a relatively' small degree, and 100 reinforcing means for the last mentioned lest spring member comprising e, clamp for its leal members intermediate theends of the spring.

and axles therefor, of a 70 15. l'n a vehicle suspension, the combina- 105 tion with a frame and axles therefor, of a pair. of laterally diverging leaf siiiringsV connected together at their butt ends, the outer ends of the lealc springs being connected respectively to one of the axles and the frame,

one of the leef springs havingonly a relatively srnall degree of camber, and reinforcf ing means for the last mentioned leaf spring member comprising'a clamp for its members intermediate the ends ot the spring, and a reinforcing plate secured at one end to the 'outer end ofseid spring member and connected at its'outer end to the said clamp.

16. A spring for vehicles comprising a' Jair of leaf springs, .utt ends ofthe springs together, said means comprising a, top plate, enEg intermediate plate, ev bottom plate, and connecting bolts passing through each of said plates. .said intel-mediate plate extending; beyond the butt 12 ends of thepspring members and being provided with a shackle engaging eye. l?. A spring for vehicles, comprising a pair of leef springs, means connecting the butt ends of the springs together, saidnieens 13 means connecting the an Wfl connemmg Dobbs,

Compri' plaie, .L i M h@ intermedia@ plz te being bon back upon 1L( being of greater Combina J1 Ewing; Sw 

